Quote:
Philip Zeplin-Frederiksen wrote:
Gozo Shioda explains several times that Aikido used in actual combat requires punches and kicks (surely that's "resistance"?),
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No, punching someone in the face is not the definition of resisting in this context.
Resistance in the context of aikido is meeting force with force, literally.
Always with the internet caveat of, this is my understanding today... I reserve the right to change my mind later.