I think someone also mentioned dojo in Japan, but for the 4 dojo I've been to in Japan, for adults it was white belt until 2kyu, sometimes white sometimes brown for 1kkyu, and then black for all dan ranks. Hakama for women after first kyu rank, for men starting either 1kkyu or shodan.
Kids had a bunch of different colored belts, but I think it was b/c they're kids and to motivate them they get a different colored belt every time they pass a test; makes it feel like progress or something.
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