ian

Many of the 'chin-na' techniques have evolved independently in the west as well (greco-roman wrestling had sankyo, and I've seen other techniques like rokyo in more recent studies of tradtional western martial arts). Although there is undoubtedly a chinese influence on martial arts which arrived in japan, I would say it is inappropriate to say 'chin-na' influenced 'aikido', but rather, chinese martial culture influenced japanese martial culture - probably pre-dating aikido by 100's if not thousands of years. Techniques like e.g. ikkyo, seem to be pretty universal in almost all martial arts, even though they are often practised in a slightly different way.